ISSN (0970-2083)

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Evaluation of GroundWater Quality Using Contamination Index In Ludhiana, Punjab (India)

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Abstract

Groundwater samples were collected horn villages Wallipur, Ku mkalan, Malewal, Lubangarh, Jai npur and Mallkpur of Ludhiana district located near Budha Nallah during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season during the year 2011. Samples were analysed for heavy metals including arsenic, boron, chro-mium. copper, iron, magnesium, manganese and lead using I-Cap to find contamination index. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals ranged between 0.00-42.76 mg/L and 0.00-31.89 mg/L for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season respectively. Among the examined heavy metal constituents, magnesium has the highest mean value of 18.34 mg/L followed by manganese 0.095 mg/ I. while copper remained the least 0.004 mg/I. for pre-monsoon. Also, magnesium recorded the highest standard deviation 9.11 mg/L, followed by manganese 0.099 mg/L while lead recorded the least value of 0.002 mg/L for pre-monsoon. Similarly, magnesium recorded highest mean value of 18.23 mg,/1. and chromium 0.002 mg/L with least mean for post-monsoon. The computed contaminated index ranged between -2.90 to 2.02 for pre-monsoon and -3.93 to 1.76 for post-monsoon. The highest contamination index value was recorded at location 518 (Malikpur) for pre-monsoon and 512 (Lubangarh) for post-monsoon while location 511 (Lubangarh) and 56 (Wallipur) recorded the lowest contamination value for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon season respectively in the study area. The study recommended treatment, proper maintenance and compliance to the specification according to the International Standard (WHO, 2006)

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