Impact Of Sugar Industry Effluents On The Quality Of Groundwater Near Bankhedi Sugar Industry Dist. Narsinghpur (Mp) India

Ranjana Yadav¹ J.K. Wahane^2* and O.N. Choubey²

¹Department of Chemistry, Govt. Penchvalley P.G. College, Parasia (MP), India

²Department of Chemistry, Govt. NMV, Hoshangabad (MP) India

*Corresponding Author:

J.K. Wahane
E-mail: jagdish.wahne@rediffmail.com

Received date: 15 May, 2015; Accepted date: 8 July, 2015

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Abstract

 Industrial pollution continues to be a major factor causing the degradation of the environment around us, affecting the water we use, the air we breathe and the soil we live on. The exponential increase in industrialization is not only consuming large areas of agriculture lands, but simultaneously causing serious environmental degradation as well as to soil. Water originating from various industries is finding their place in agriculture. The present study was focused on impact of sugar mill effluent on groundwater which is used for domestic purpose, the quality of ground water were studied during January to December 2012. In this analysis the different parameters like pH, Electrical conductivity, DO, BOD, COD, Alkalinity, Hardness, Chloride, Sulphate, Phosphate, TDS are studied in nearby area of sugar industry. The study indicates that water quality parameters nearby the sugar industry is very high and exceeds the permissible limits.

Keywords

COD, Alkalinity, Chloride, Hardness

Introduction

Environmental pollution has been recognized as the major problems of the modern world. The problem of environmental pollution on account of essential industrial growth is practical terms, the problem of disposal of industrial effluent, whether on solid, liquid or gaseous. All the three types of wastes have the potentially of ultimately polluting water. The effluents coming from industries some time percolates through subsoil and reaches the ground water uses of industrial effluents and sewage sludge on agricultural land has become a common practice in India as a result of which these toxic metals can be transferred and concentrated into plant tissues from the soil .These metals have damaging effects on plants themselves and may became a health hazards to man and animals.

Sugar Industry: Sugar industry is one of the most important agro based industries in India. Sugar industries play an important role in Indian economy. It is the second largest industry in the country. Sugar industry is seasonal nature and operates only for 120 - 200 days in a year. A significant large amount of waste is generated during the manufacture of sugar and contains a high amount of production load particularly in terms of suspended solids, organic matters, effluent, sludge, press mud and bagasse.

Materials and Methods

The samples taken from the nearby area of sugar industry throughout the year and brought to the laboratory and stored at 4oC. on a monthly basis for the period of 12 month from Jan to Dec 2012 samples are collected from three different locations which is situated nearby sugar industry. Samples collected in clean polyethylene bottles and immediately transported to the laboratory for the estimation of various physicochemical parameters via pH and dissolved oxygen were recorded at site where as the other parameters like Alkalinity, chlorides, hardness, magnesium, potassium, phosphate, hardness were estimated in the laboratory by using titration method, BOD of was measured by dilution method, COD was measured by close reflux method for the estimation of water given by APHA (1998) .

Results and Discussion

In the present investigation it was observed that the pH value between 6.1-7.0 (Fig. 1). The maximum value of alkalinity was recorded in the month of Sept 480 mg/L (Fig. 6), maximum value of alkalinity due to increase in bicarbonates in the water. The value of total hardness fluctuated from 610mg/L to 880mg/L (Fig. 7). The values of chlorides in different months were found to be various ranges from 242 mg/L to 642 mg/L (Fig. 8). The chloride contents indicate industrial pollution. The maximum value of chloride was recorded in the month of June and minimum value was recorded in the month of March. The maximum value of sulphate was observed 68.4mg/L (Fig. 9) in the month of Jun and the minimum value 30.6mg/L was recorded in the month of Dec. higher value of sulphate responsible for corrosion. Phosphate values ranges between 0.31mg/L to 0.62mg/L (Fig. 10). DO, BOD and COD are not a pollutant but they are pollution indicator. The values of BOD and COD were higher than the permissible limits. Higher values of these parameters in ground water indicate industrial pollution. It is that the ground water becomes polluted due to the sugar industry effluents from surrounding areas. Hence, it is not suitable for human consumption without prior treatment. Moreover, the water is used for irrigation and domestic purposes in that area. In the present investigation it was observed that the sugar industry effluents have effect on the groundwater quality. Higher values of these parameters indicate the contamination of water due to the accumulation of salts, minerals from the industrial wastewater to the soil and leaching to the ground water and harmful for domestic purpose.

Figure 1: Monthly trends in pH values

Figure 2: Monthly trends in Ec values

Figure 3: Monthly trends in DO values

Figure 4: Monthly trends in BOD values

Figure 5: monthly trends in COD values

Figure 6: Monthly trends in Alkalinity values

Figure 7: Monthly trends in Total Hardness values

Figure 8: Monthly trends in Chlorides values

Figure 9: Monthly trends in Sulphate values

Figure 10: Monthly trends in Phosphates values

Figure 11: Monthly trends in TDS values

Conclusion

Different physico-chemical parameters measured during the study have higher values. The present study indicates that those parameters affect the water quality around the sugar industry also affect the ecosystem. It was observed that 50% to 70% of pollution load is from effluent. The study also has resulted in several policy changes and strict regulatory measures for water quality maintenance in the system are required. There is need for continuous monitoring of pollution nearby sugar industry.

Table 1: Physico-chemical status of groundwater of Bankhedi Sugar Industry

Acknowledgment

All authors appreciatively acknowledge Department of Chemistry Govt. Narmada P.G. College, Hoshangabad (MP) for facility to carry out this work.

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